Indonesia, as the world’s largest archipelagic nation, has been increasingly recognized for its proactive stance in global climate initiatives. This commitment is evident through its updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and active participation in international carbon trading.
Enhanced Climate Commitments
In October 2025, Indonesia submitted its Second NDC to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This updated commitment aims for greenhouse gas emissions to peak by 2030, with a projected decline starting between 1.26 and 1.49 gigatons of CO₂ equivalent by 2035. Key mitigation strategies include expanding renewable energy, enhancing energy efficiency, accelerating electric vehicle adoption, and protecting blue carbon reserves. Adaptation efforts focus on building climate-resilient food systems and strengthening ecosystem resilience. Source
International Carbon Trading Initiative
In January 2025, Indonesia officially launched its international carbon trading initiative at the Indonesian Stock Exchange in Jakarta. This move aligns with Presidential Regulation No. 98 of 2021, emphasizing the implementation of carbon economic value to achieve NDC targets and control greenhouse gas emissions in national development. Source
Harnessing Ocean-Based Climate Solutions
Recognizing the significant role of its vast marine resources, Indonesia is poised to harness ocean-based climate solutions. Protecting and restoring coastal ecosystems, such as mangroves and seagrass meadows, can substantially reduce emissions. Additionally, the maritime industry and offshore renewable energy sectors offer considerable potential for emission reductions, contributing to the nation’s climate goals. Source
Indonesia’s evolving role in global climate initiatives underscores its commitment to sustainable development and environmental stewardship, setting a precedent for other nations to follow.